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The  Trees  At  Mount  Vernon 


Cb^rles  Sprague  Sargent 


The 
Trees  at  Mount  Vernon 


Report  of  Charles  Sprague  Sargent 

Director  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  to  the  Council  of  the 

Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union 


Reprinted  from  the  Annual  Report  for  1917  of  the  Mount  Vernon 
Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union 


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C, IMIII.IIIIIIIIIIIIII Illllllllll Illllll Ill" I Illll""" Ill'""" " """"' """ ' '"" """""""""t 


The 
Trees  at  Mount  Vernon 


Report  of  Charles  Sprague]  Sargent 

Director  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  to  the  Council  of  the 

Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union 


Reprinted  from  the  Annual  Report  for  1917  of  the  Mount  Vernon 
Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union 


3  l^'S 


THE  TREES  AT  MOUNT  VERNON 

By  CHARLES  SPRAGUE  SARGENT 


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It  appears  desirable  to  place  on  record  the  size  and  condition  of  the 
trees  planted  by  Washington  near  his  house  at  Mount  Vernon  and  of 
those  now  standing  which  have  been  planted  or  have  sprung  up  naturally 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Mansion  since  Washington's  death  in  1799. 

(D  The  largest  trees,  which  border  the  Bowling  Green,  were  probably 

planted  from  1783  to  1785,  for  it  was  in  these  years  following  the  end  of 

*^      the  Revolutionary  War  and  preceding  his  election  to  the  Presidency  that 

^     Washington  was  most  actively  engaged  in  the  improvement  of  Mount 
Vernon,  and  it  was  at  this  time  that  the  Bowling  Green  and  the  adjoining 
gardens  were  laid  out. 
0>  A  few  of  the  trees  planted  by  Washington,  in  spite  of  the  poor  soil 

at  Mount  Vernon,  have  grown  to  a  large  size.    Among  the  Live  Oaks  and 
Pecans  planted  in  Louisiana  after  Washington's  time  there  are  larger 
5     trees  than  any  now  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  some  of  the  Elm-trees  planted 

Q       in  front  of  New  England  farmhouses  after  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century  have  thicker  trunks  and  broader  heads  of  foliage.    Larger  planted 

'^4      trees  exist  in  Europe,  and  in  Japan  many  Cryptomeria-trees,  some  of  them 
planted  six  or  seven  centuries  ago,  surpass  in  size  and  grandeur  all  other 

''^      planted  trees;    but  no  trees  planted  by  man  have  the  human  interest  of 
the  Mount  Vernon  trees.     They  belong  to  the  nation  and  are  one  of  its 

O     precious  possessions.     No  care  should  be  spared  to  preserve  them,  and 

tZ      as  they  pass  away  they  should  be  replaced  with  trees  of  the  same  kinds, 
^     that  Mount  Vernon  may  be  kept  for  all  time  as  near  as  possible  in  the 
condition  in  which  Washington  left  it. 

Judging  by  their  .size  and  position,  there  are  now  standing  fifty-seven 
trees  which  were  probably  planted  by  Washington  or  during  his  lifetime. 
The  position  of  other  comparatively  large  trees  are  shown  on  the  plan 
which  accompanies  this  report  and  on  which  the  trees  are  numbered;  and 
it  is  possible  that  some  of  these  were  growing  during  Washington's  life, 
especially  the  Oaks,  but  as  Washington  made  no  allusion  in  his  Diary  to 
planting  Oak-trees  it  is  probable  that  as  these  are  trees  native  to  the 
region  they  were  self-sown. 


279557 


YELLOW  POPLARS— (K  the  trees  undoubtedly  planted  under  Wash- 
iii^'toii's  personal  direction  the  tallest  are  the  Tulip-trees  or  Yellow 
Poplars  {Liriodcndron  Till ipif era).  There  are  three  of  these  trees  now 
standing.  The  tallest  of  tJieni  (No.  02)  is  120  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3 
feet  10  inches  in  diameter.  Another  (No.  57)  is  118  feet  tall  with  a  trunk 
3  feet  8  inches  in  diameter.  These  two  trees  have  tall,  straight  stems  and 
well-balaneed,  shapely  heads.  They  have  both  been  injured  near  the 
firoinid.  probably  by  a  mowing  machine  in  the  hands  of  a  careless  work- 
man, but  they  are  both  now  forming  new  bark  over  the  old  wounds  and 
are  fjenerally  in  fjood  condition.  The  third  of  these  trees  (No.  65)  is  89 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  9  inches  in  diameter.  This  tree  is  in  good 
condition. 

COFFEE  BEANS— Among  the  trees  which  are  probably  of  Washing- 
ton's lime  there  are  three  Codec  Beans  or  Kentucky  Coffee-trees 
{Gymriocl(i(his  dioica).  The  tallest  of  these  (No.  76)  is  87  feet  tall  with  a 
trimk  2  feet  11  inches  in  diameter.  Several  of  the  branches  were  broken 
in  the  storm  of  June  28.  1914,  and  in  spite  of  its  having  been  struck  by 
lightning  in  1915,  this  tree  is  still  in  healthy  condition.  The  second  of 
these  trees  (No.  89)  is  87  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  8  inches  in  diam- 
eter, and  the  third  (No.  70)  is  85  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  3  inclies  in 
diameter.  These  trees  are  healthy  and  in  good  condition.  The  position 
of  three  other  Coffee  Bean-trees  is  shown  on  the  map.  No.  84  is  70  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  4  inches  in  diameter.  It  is  generally  believed  at 
Mount  Vernon  that  this  tree  was  planted  by  Lafayette,  but  I  have  no 
evidence  confirming  this  belief.  The  head  was  badly  injured  by  a  storm 
in  September,  1896,  and  it  is  now  unsightly  and  in  poor  condition.  No.  88 
is  51  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  10  inches  in  diameter,  and  has  possibly  grown 
from  a  .seed  dropped  by  its  neighbor.  No.  89.  No.  19  is  on  the  lawn 
southwest  of  the  Mansion  and  is  75  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  in  diam- 
eter. This  tree  is  in  good  condition  and  as  the  Coffee  Bean  is  a  slow- 
growing  tree  it  is  possible,  but  hardly  probable,  that  it  was  planted  in 
Washington's  lifetime. 

ASHES — There  are  several  White  Ash-trees  {Fraxinus  americana)  near 
the  Mansion.  Nos.  29,  47,  50,  58,  67,  87,  94  and  110  of  the  plan  were 
probably  planted  under  the  direction  of  W^ashington.  No.  29  is  91  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  11  inches  in  diameter.  No.  47  is  87  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  2  feet  2  inches  in  diameter.  No.  50  is  87  feet  tall  with  a  trunk 
2  feet  4  inches  in  diameter.  No.  58  is  97  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  3 
inches  in  diameter.  No.  67  is  95  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  2  inches 
in  diameter.  No.  87  is  86  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  3  inches  in  diam- 
eter. No.  94  is  83  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  7  inches  in  diameter,  and 
No.  110  is  89  feet  tall  with  a  truni.  2  feet  3  inches  in  diameter.  These 
trees  are  in  good  condition.  No.  63,  which  is  also  of  Washington's  time, 
stands  at  the  right  of  the  Flower  Garden  gate,  No.  58  standing  on  the 
left-hand  side  of  the  gate.    The  two  trees  were  formerly  of  the  same  size. 


but  a  gale  in  1896  destroyed  more  than  half  of  No.  63,  leaving  large  cav- 
ities in  the  side  of  the  trunk,  which  unfortunately  have  been  filled  with 
cement.  This  tree  is  in  bad  condition  and  it  is  probable  that  it  will  not 
live  many  years.  Other  Ash-trees  planted  after  Washington's  time  are: 
No.  12,  a  tree  with  four  stems  75  feet  tall;  No.  26,  65  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  1  foot  8  inches  in  diameter;  No.  38,  74  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet 
1  inch  in  diameter;  No.  43,  29  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  6  inches  in  diam- 
eter; No.  96,  63  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  5  inches  in  diameter;  No. 
102,  65  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  in  diameter;  No.  124,  77  feet  tall 
with  a  trunk  2  feet  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  125,  80  feet  tall  with 
a  trunk  2  feet  4  inches  in  diameter.  These  trees  are  all  healthy  and 
in  good  condition. 

LINDENS — The  largest  of  the  Lindens,  undoubtedly  of  Washington's 
time.  No.  48  {Tilia  glabra),  is  84  feet  tall  with  a  splendid  trunk  4  feet  3 
inches  in  diameter.  A  part  of  the  head  of  this  tree  was  destroyed  by  the 
gale  of  June  28,  1914.  It  is  otherwise  in  good  condition  and  one  of  the 
noblest  of  Washington's  trees.  No.  54  {Tilia  glabra),  is  90  feet  tall.  The 
trunk  of  this  tree,  which  is  3  feet  1  inch  in  diameter,  divides  near  the 
ground  into  two  stems  which  may,  unless  strengthened,  be  split  apart  by 
a  strong  wind.     No.  25  (Tilia  vulgaris)  is  64  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet 

4  inches  in  diameter.  This  tree  was  probably  not  planted  during  Wash- 
ington's lifetime.    No.  51  (Tilia  glabra)  is  70  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet 

5  inches  in  diameter.  This  tree  is  in  good  condition,  but  probably  was 
not  planted  by  Washington.  No.  115  (Tilia  glabra),  at  the  library  end  of 
the  Mansion,  is  83  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  8  inches  in  diameter.  This 
is  one  of  the  best  trees  at  Mount  Vernon.  I  should  have  supposed  that 
it  had  been  planted  during  Washington's  life  without  the  conclusive  evi- 
dence that  it  was  planted  by  Mrs.  J.  A.  Washington  in  1858.  No.  114 
(Tilia  neglecla),  now  5  feet  tall,  was  planted  in  1916  at  the  east  end  of 
the  Mansion  to  correspond  with  No.  115  at  the  other  end. 

HONEY  LOCUSTS— The  position  of  four  Honey  Locust-trees  (67c- 
dilsia  triacanihos)  is  shown  on  the  plan.  No.  45,  which  is  83  feet  tall  with 
a  trunk  3  feet  7  inches  in  diameter,  may  have  been  planted  by  Washing- 
ton, but  I  feel  doubtful  about  the  age  of  the  others.  No.  30  is  70  feet 
tall  witli  a  trunk  3  feet  5  inches  in  diameter;  No.  70  is  70  feet  tall  with 
a  trunk  3  feet  in  diameter;  No.  39  is  70  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  in 
diameter;  No.  41  is  67  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  8  inches  in  diameter,  and 
No.  101  is  70  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  6  inches  in  diameter.  The  Honey 
Locust  is  a  fast-growing  and  not  a  long-lived  tree.  It  produces  great 
quantities  of  seeds,  wJiich  germinate  readily,  and  it  is  not  improbable 
that  the  large  trees  now  at  Mount  Vernon  have  sprung  up  naturally  from 
seeds  shed  by  a  tree  planted  by  Washington  or  his  brother  Lawrence, 
which  long  ago  disappeared.  Washington's  interest  in  this  tree  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  on  March  23,  1786,  he  planted  "between  17,000  and 
18,000  .seeds  of  the  Honey  Locust." 


BUCKEYES — The  position  of  seven  Buckeye-trees  {.Esculus oclandra 
variety)  is  shown  on  the  plan.  Tlie  seeds  from  which  these  trees  were 
grown  were  {,'athered  by  Washington  near  the  mouth  of  Chect  River,  in 
what  is  now  West  Virginia,  in  September,  1784,  and  were  planted  by  him 
in  April  of  the  following  year.  To  botanists  these  trees  are  of  greater 
interest  than  any  otlier  plants  at  Mount  Vernon,  for  this  species  has 
naturally  yellow  flowers,  but  these  Mount  Vernon  trees  have  red,  pink 
and  flesh-colored  flowers  on  different  individuals.  Trees  with  flowers  of 
these  colors  have  been  looked  for  in  vain  in  the  Appalachian  forests, 
and  except  at  Mount  Vernon  are  nowhere  known  to  exist.  The  tree  (No. 
24)  has  dark  red  flowers  and  is  24  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  9  inches  in  diam- 
eter. No.  28  is  53  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  1  inch  in  diameter.  The 
bark  of  this  tree  is  loose  and  scaling  off;  it  is  developing  branchlets  from 
buds  on  the  trunk  and  is  in  an  unhealthy  condition.  No.  32  is  75  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  4  inches  in  diameter;  this  tree  originally  had  two 
stems;  one  of  these  was  destroyed  by  the  falling  of  the  Hemlock  (No.  31) 
in  the  gale  of  June,  1914.  The  remainder  of  the  tree  is  now  in  good  con- 
dition. No.  59  has  rose-colored  flowers  and  is  73  feet  tall  Avith  a  trunk 
1  foot  9  inches  in  diameter;  No.  85  has  red  flowers  and  is  58  feet  tall 
with  a  trunk  1  foot  5  inches  in  diameter;  No.  92  has  flesh-colored  flowers 
and  is  71  feet  tall  witli  a  trunk  1  foot  11  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  79 
has  flesh-colored  flowers  and  is  47  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  5  inches  in 
diameter.  With  the  exception  of  No.  28  the  Mount  Vernon  Buckeyes  are 
in  good  condition. 

HORSE-CHESTNUTS— There  are  three  Horse-chestnut-trees  {Mscu- 
lus  Ilippocaslanum)  at  Mount  Vernon.  Two  of  them,  Nos.  116  and  117, 
in  the  rear  of  the  Springhouse,  are  young  trees.  No.  116  being  42  feet  tall 
with  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter,  and  No.  117  only  20  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  8  inches  in  diameter.  The  third  of  these  trees,  No.  46,  is  between 
the  Serpentine  Walk  and  the  Kitchen  Garden  and  is  55  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  1  foot  8  inches  in  diameter.  This  tree  is  overshadowed  by  an  Ash- 
tree  and  evidently  has  grown  slowly.  On  April  13,  1785,  Washington 
entered  in  his  Diary  the  fact  that  he  was  planting  four  Horse-chestnuts 
along  Serpentine  Walks,  and  it  is  possible,  although  hardly  probable, 
that  No.  46  is  one  of  the  trees  planted  by  him. 

ELMS — There  are  now  ten  American  Elm-trees  (Ulmus  americana) 
standing  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Mansion.  Of  these  No.  1  is  a  young 
tree  only  32  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter;  No.  36  is  also  a 
young  tree  only  23  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  5  inches  in  diameter.  According 
to  his  Diary,  W^ashington  was  busy  on  January  27  and  28,  1785,  in  hunting 
for  Elm-trees  for  his  plantations,  and  it  is  probable  that  some  of 
the  Mount  Vernon  Elms  were  planted  under  his  personal  direction, 
although  if  they  were  planted  in  1785  none  of  them  are  large  trees  for 
their  age.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  soil  where  these 
trees  are  growing  is  not  well  suited  for  the  best  development  of  the 

6 


American  Elm.  No.  44  is  90  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  11  inches  in 
diameter;  No.  56  is  84  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  2  inches  in  diameter; 
No.  106  is  63  feet  tall  with  a  tnmk  2  feet  10  inches  in  diameter,  and  No. 
107  is  89  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  3  inches  in  diameter.  Nos.  106  and 
107  stand  between  the  Office  and  the  Gardener's  House.  On  the  East  Lawn 
No.  109  is  80  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  4  inches  in  diameter,  end  on  the 
West  Lawn  No.  103  is  91  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  4  inches  in  diameter 
and  the  largest  of  tlie  Mount  Vernon  Elm-trees.  Two  other  Elms  on  the 
East  Lawn  are  indicated  on  the  plan;  No.  Ill  is  a  young  tree  47  feet  taU 
with  a  trunk  15  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  132  is  55  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  22  inches  in  diameter. 

Between  the  Serpentine  Walk  and  the  Kitchen  Garden  a  tree  of  the 
European  Cork  Elm  {Ulmus  foliacea,  var.  suberosa).  No.  8-1,  is  35  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  10  inches  in  diameter. 

All  the  Mount  Vernon  Elm-trees  are  healthy  and  in  good  condition. 

MAPLES — -There  are  two  Maples  on  the  Serpentine  Walk  and  they 
were  probably  both  planted  during  Washington's  lifetime.  No.  69  is  a 
Sugar  Maple  (Acer  saccharum)  91  feet  tail  with  a  trunk  3  feet  11  inches 
in  diameter.  Several  of  the  upper  branches  of  this  tree  v/ere  broken  in 
the  gale  of  June  28,  1914.  The  tree,  however,  is  recovering  and  is  now 
in  good  condition  and  a  magnificent  specimen.  No.  33  is  a  Red  Maple 
(Acer  rubriim)  85  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  3  inches  in  diameter,  and  is 
a  fine  healthy  tree. 

BEECHES — There  are  two  American  Beech-trees  (Fagus  grandifolia) 
planted  in  the  corners  of  the  Bowling  Green  nearest  the  Mansion.  No. 
99  is  89  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  9  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  90  is 
69  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  5  inches  in  diameter.  They  are  good 
specimens  with  tall  straight  trunks  and,  judging  by  their  size,  were 
planted  during  Washington's  lifetime. 

PECANS — There  are  three  Pecan-trees,  or  Mississippi  or  Illinois  nuts, 
as  Washington  called  them  {Carya  pecan),  at  Mount  Vernon.  According 
to  the  Diary,  tliese  trees  were  planted  March  25,  1775,  and  are  therefore 
so  far  as  we  know  the  oldest  of  the  trees  planted  by  Washington.  Apart 
from  the  fact  that  they  were  planted  by  ^\  ashington  these  trees  are  of 
great  interest,  as  they  were  given  to  him  by  Jefferson,  who  in  1784  first 
published  a  technical  description  of  this  tree  in  his  "Notes  from  Virginia," 
and  who  apparently  first  distributed  in  the  Eastern  States  living  plants 
brought  from  the  Mississippi  valley.  The  three  Pecan-trees  are  in  good 
condition  and,  unless  blown  over  or  injured  by  gales,  probably  liave  not 
lived  out  half  their  lives.  They  are  on  the  lawn  southwest  and  east  of 
the  Mansion;  No.  118  is  97  feet  tail  with  a  trunk  2  fecrl  6  inches  in 
diameter;  No.  120  is  98  feet  tall  willi  a  trunk  2  f(;el  4  itulics  in  diani- 
(•t(!r.  and  No.  129,  on  the  East  Lawn,  is  86  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feel 
2  inches  in  diametcir. 


WALNUTS— \\iisliiri;,'l()ii's  iiitorost  in  the  so-called  ImikHsIi  or  Kreiioh 
Walnut  (JiKjIans  retjia)  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  on  September  If),  1763. 
lie  •■planted  in  eleven  holes  on  west  side  of  {garden  twenty-two  l^nplish 
Walnuts,"  and  on  March  28,  1770,  he  "planted  three  French  walinits  in 
new  fjarden  and  on  that  side  next  the  Work  House."  On  February  9,  1785, 
hv  "transplanted  l-lnplish  Walnut  trees  from  corner  near  where  the  old 
.schoolhouse  stood  to  the  upper  side."  Nothing  is  left  from  these  plantings 
and  there  are  now  only  two  young  English  Walnut-trees  at  Mount  Vernon. 
No.  03  is  41  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  14  inches  in  diameter  and  stands  in  the 
enclosure  south  of  the  Flower  Garden  used  by  \\  ashington  as  a  botanical 
garden  or  trial  ground  for  plants  sent  him  from  dilVerent  parts  of  the 
^oimfry  and  from  the  \\  est  Indies.  No.  68.  which  is  in  the  Kitchen  Car- 
den,  is  42  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  15  inches  in  diameter. 

Washington  makes  no  mention  in  his  Diary  of  the  Black  Walnut 
(Jufilana  nigra)  and  it  is  not  probable  that  lu;  planted  the  two  trees  now 
growing  on  the  East  Lawn,  but  as  this  tree  is  a  native  of  the  region 
these  two  Walnuts  may  have  been  growing  there  during  his  lifetime, 
although  as  the  trees  are  not  large  this  is  not  probable.  No.  113  is  74 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  in  diameter,  and  No.  135  is  81  feet  tall  with 
a  trunk  2  feet  6  inches  in  diameter. 

A  young  Butternut  {Juglans  cinerea).  No.  100,  stands  between  the 
Butler's  House  and  the  Smokehouse,  and  is  18  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  5 
inches  in  diameter. 

LOCUSTS — Although  there  are  two  brief  mentions  of  this  tree  in  the 
Diary,  it  is  not  probable  that  Washington  neglected  so  valuable  a  tree 
as  the  Ijocust  {Bobinia  Pseudacacia).  Young  Locust-trees  are  now  com- 
mon at  Mount  Vernon,  but  none  are  old  enough  to  have  been  of  Wash- 
ington's time.  The  positions  of  three  of  these  trees  are  shown  on  the 
plan.  No.  75  is  now  66  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  24  inches  in  diameter;  No. 
104  is  61  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  in  diamett^;  and  No.  105,  which  is 
only  19  feet  high,  was  planted  in  the  autunm  of  1916  to  take  the  place 
of  a  Locust-tree  which  stood  in  Washington's  time  at  the  corner  of  the 
Kitchen  and  was  used  as  a  hitching-post  for  visitors'  horses. 

MULBERRIES — It  is  natural  that  Washington  should  have  been  in- 
terested in  Mulberry-trees  on  account  of  their  fruit  and  probably  with  the 
idea  of  providing  food  for  siUc-worms  and  the  making  of  silk.  As  early 
as  March,  1765,  we  find  him  "grafting  fifteen  English  Mulberries  on  wild 
Mulberry  stocks."  There  is  no  Enghsh  Mulberry  and  his  scions  may 
ha\e  been  from  a  Black  Mulberry  (Morus  nigra)  from  southeastern 
Europe  and  Asia  Minor,  or  from  a  White  Mulberry  (Morus  alba),  the 
Chinese  tree  which  furnishes  the  principal  food  for  silk-worms.  On 
February  28,  1785,  he  "planted  all  the  Mulberry  trees,  Maple  trees  and 
Black  Gums  in  Serpentine  W  alk."  Only  one  Mulberry-tree  (No.  20)  is 
now  standing  in  the  area  covered  by  the  plan;  it  is  a  White  Mulberry  60 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  3  inches  in  diameter.  This  is  probably  one 
of  the  trees  planted  by  Washington. 

8 


SASSAFRAS — On  ISIarch  3,  1785,  Washington  was  planting  Sassa- 
fras-trees (Sassafras  variifolium)  in  his  shrubberies.  Large  Sassafras-trees 
have  been  blown  down  at  Mount  Vernon  in  recent  years  and  there  are 
only  two  of  these  trees  shown  on  the  plan;  one  of  these  (No.  21)  stands 
next  to  the  White  Mulberry  and  is  50  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  4  inches 
in  diameter;  the  other  is  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  East  Lawn  and 
is  No.  137.  This  tree  is  62  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  21  inches  in  diameter. 
The  Sassafras  is  a  common  native  tree  in  Virginia  and  the  two  Mount 
Vernon  specimens  are  probably  not  planted  trees. 

REDBUDS— On  February  28  and  March  3.  1785,  Washington  was 
planting  Redbud-trees  (Cercis  canadensis)  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  the 
position  of  fo\ir  of  these  trees  is  marked  on  the  plan.  No.  35  stands  in 
the  west  border  of  the  Flower  Garden  and  has  two  stems  each  31  feet 
high  and  8  inches  in  diameter.  No.  61,  which  is  on  the  Serpentine  Walk 
near  the  entrance  to  the  Flower  Garden,  is  20  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  7 
inches  in  diameter;  No.  52,  which  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Bowling 
Green,  is  33  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  7  inches  in  diameter.  Judging  by 
their  size  and  vigor,  these  trees  could  not  have  been  planted  in  the 
eighteenth  century.  No.  121,  which  stands  near  the  east  end  of  the 
Mansion,  is  a  shoot  from  the  stump  of  an  old  tree  which  may  have  been 
planted  by  Washington. 

DOGWOODS— On  February  22,  1785,  ^^'ashington  "moved  several 
young  trees  of  Sassafras,  Dogwood  and  Redbud  to  the  shrubbery  on  No. 
side  of  the  grass  plat."  That  he  appreciated  the  beauty  which  can  be 
obtained  by  contrasting  the  white  flowers  of  the  Dogwood  with  the  rose- 
colored  flowers  of  the  Redbud  is  sliown  by  his  planting  on  March  1,  1795, 
"a  circle  of  Dogwood  with  a  Redbud  in  the  middle  close  to  the  old  Cherry 
tree  near  the  south  garden  house."  There  are  two  large  Dogwood-trees 
northwest  of  the  Flower  Garden  which  may  have  been  growing  where 
they  now  stand  before  Washington's  death,  although  it  is  impossible  to 
decide  whether  they  were  planted  or  are  natural  trees.  No.  22  is  28  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  10  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  23  is  26  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  12  inches  in  diameter. 

HOLLIES — Washington  appreciated  the  beauty  of  the  native  Holly 
(Ilex  opuca),  which  is  often  mentioned  in  his  Diary,  and  there  are  now 
thirteen  large  specimens  of  this  tree  standing  at  Mount  Vernon  which 
were  probably  planted  during  his  lifetime.  This  Holly  grows  slowly  and 
trees  one  hundred  years  old  which  have  grown  naturally  under  more  favor- 
able conditions  are  often  not  larger  than  the  Mount  Vernon  trees.  No. 
11  is  19  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  9  inches  in  diameter;  No.  18-1  is  31  feet 
taU  with  a  trunk  1  foot  4  inches  in  diameter;  No.  27  is  28  feet  tall  with 
a  trunk  7  inches  in  diameter;  No.  34  is  38  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot 
in  diameter;  No.  49  is  37  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter:  No.  (50 
is  37  feel  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  1  inch  in  diameter;  No.  86  is  30  feet  tall 

g 


wilh  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter;   No.  91  is  22  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot 

1  ineli  in  diameter.  Nos.  127  and  128  are  on  the  East  Lawn  near  the 
Mansion  and  are  23  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  2  inches  in  diameter, 
and  20  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter;  No.  98  is  27  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  in  diameter;  No.  61  is  2S  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  11 
inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  40  is  50  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feel  2  inches  in 
diameter.  One  side  of  tlie  top  of  No.  91  was  destroyed  by  a  gale  in  1896 
and  a  large  cavity  at  tlie  top  of  the  trunk  is  filled  with  cement.  This  is 
a  berry  bearing  tree  with  a  handsome  straight  stem;  it  is  still  growing 
vigorou.sly  and  will  probably  form  in  time  a  new  head  of  branches.  The 
other  Holly-trees  are  symmetrical  and  in  good  condition. 

SORBUS — Washington  in  his  Diary  mentions  the  planting  of  Sorbus- 
trees,  probably  Sorbus  domestica,  the  English  Service  tree,  as  there  is  an 
old  specimen  of  this  tree  (No.  37)  standing  near  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  Bowling  Green.  This  tree  is  31  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  15  inches  in 
diameter.     It  is  failing  rapidly  and  probably  cannot  live  many  years. 

OAKS — The  positions  of  ten  Oak-trees  are  shown  on  tlie  plan,  and, 
although  probably  none  of  them  were  planted  by  Washington,  it  seems 
desirab'e  to  include  them  in  this  report,  as  they  are  large  and  conspicuous 
healthy  trees  which  may  live  for  many  years.  No.  6  stands  to  the  right 
of  the  entrance  to  the  Bowling  Green  northwest  of  the  Kitchen  Garden 
and  is  a  noble  ^^  hite  Oak  {Quercus  alba)  98  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  3  feet  in 
diameter.  With  the  exception  of  the  Yellow  Poplars  and  one  Pecan  this  is 
the  tallest  tree  at  Mount  Vernon.  On  the  left  of  the  entrance  are  three  Red 
or  Spanish  Oaks  (Quercus  rubra).  No.  13  is  a  double  tree  90  feet  tall  with 
two  .stems,  each  3  feet  5  inches  in  diameter;  No.  14  is  85  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  3  feet  5  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  15  is  a  young  tree  56  feet  tall 
with  a  trunk  1  fool  8  inches  in  diameter.  On  the  southeast  corner  of  the 
East  Lawn  there  are  four  White  Oaks,  Nos.  130,  131.  136  and  137.  No. 
130  is  68  feet  tall  wilh  a  trunk  2  feet  8  inches  in  diameter;  No.  131  is  63 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  in  diameter;  No.  136  is  76  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  3  feel  3  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  137  is  59  feet  tall  with  a  trunk 

2  feet  2  inches  in  diameter.  A  beautiful  narrow-leaved  Chestnut  Oak 
{Quercus  Muehlenbergii),  No.  124-1,  stands  just  inside  the  Deer  Park 
fence  at  the  bottom  of  the  North  Lawn  and  is  70  feet  tall  wilh  a  trunk  3 
feet  6  inches  in  diameter.  A  White  Oak  on  the  West  Lawn  south  of  the 
Mansion  (No.  126)  is  74  feet  tall  and  4  feet  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  the 
Red  or  Spanish  Oak  by  the  Summer  House  (No.  122)  is  83  feet  tall  and 
4  feet  8  inches  in  diameter.  These  Oaks  have  not  been  injured  by  gales 
and  are  all  well-shaped  healthy  trees. 

MAGNOLIAS— On  May  21,  1785,  Washington  noted  in  his  Diary  that 
he  had  received  plants  of  the  large  Magnolia  of  South  Carolina  {Mag- 
nolia grand iflora)  and  on  the  18th  of  November  he  put  them  in  the  green- 
house for  the  \\  inter.     On  April  6tJi  of  the  following  year  Washington 

10 


"transplanted  46  large  Magnolias  of  So.  Carolina — 6  at  the  head  of  each 
of  the  serpentine  walks  next  the  circle.  26  in  the  shrubbery  or  grove  at 
the  South  end  of  the  house,  and  8  in  that  at  the  No.  end;"  and  on  the 
8th  of  that  month  he  "transplanted  as  many  of  #lie  large  Magnolia  into 
the  grove  at  the  No.  end  of  the  House  as  made  the  number  there."  On 
May  2,  1786,  he  "planted  seed  of  the  large  Magnolia  or  Laurel  of  Caro- 
lina in  boxes  near  the  greenhouse."  Of  these  Magnolias  planted  by 
Washington  only  one  remains;  this  (No.  97)  stands  not  far  from  the 
Butler's  House  and  is  50  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  in  diameter;  30 
feet  of  the  trunk  of  this  tree  were  destroyed  in  the  gale  of  September  28, 
1896,  and  it  now  has  a  misshapen  head.  This  tree,  however,  is  in  a 
healthy  condition  and  will  probably  hve  for  many  years. 

HEMLOCKS — That  Washington  appreciated  the  beauty  of  the  Hem- 
lock-tree (Tsuga  canadensis)  is  shown  by  the  entries  in  the  Diary  in 
March,  1785;  on  the  11th  he  "planted  Hemlock  scions  (28  of  them)  in 
ye  shrubbery,"  and  on  the  next  day  he  "planted  two  Hemlock  trees  in 
a  line  with  the  East  end  of  the  Kitchen  and  Servants  Hall,  and  10  feet 
from  the  corner  of  the  post  &  rail  fence  at  each."  On  .luly  5th  of  the 
same  year  he  notes  that  he  received  from  General  Lincoln,  among  other 
trees,  "two  of  the  Fir  or  Hemlock  in  half  barrels,  which  seemed  to  be 
healthy  and  vegetating."  On  the  lOUi  of  November  of  that  year  he 
planted  eight  more  Hemlocks,  and  on  January  30th  of  the  next  year  he 
planted  another  Hemlock-tree.  From  these  plantings  only  three  trees. 
all  standing  on  the  Flower  Garden  side  of  the  Bowling  Green,  are  now 
alive.  The  trunk  of  No.  31  originally  divided  at  the  base  into  two  main 
stems;  these  were  blown  over  in  the  gale  of  June  28,  1914.  One  of  the 
stems  was  destroyed  and  the  other,  which  is  74  feet  high  with  a  diameter 
of  2  feet  3  inches,  has  been  set  up  and  is  now  held  in  place  by  guy  ropes. 
This  tree  is  dying  and  probably  will  not  live  many  months.  No.  55  is  65 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  1  inch  in  diameter;  although  much  crowded 
and  shaded  by  other  trees,  it  is  sound  and  healthy.  No.  83,  which  is  81 
feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  6  inches  in  diameter,  is  the  tallest  and  hand- 
somest of  the  Hemlocks  planted  by  Washington.  This  tree  was  struck 
by  lightning  in  1897,  but  is  still  in  good  condition  and  is  covering  the 
wound  with  new  bark.  It  may  live  for  many  years,  although  trees  which 
have  been  struck  by  lightning  do  not  often  long  survive  the  shock.  This 
tree  is  suffering  from  two  neighboring  trees,  which  interfere  with  its  sym- 
metrical growth. 

A  Hemlock-tree  (No.  37-1),  now  15  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  inches  in 
diameter,  was  planted  in  1912  to  replace  one  of  the  Hemlocks  planted  by 
Wa.shington  and  blown  down  in  that  year.  Three  >oung  Hemlock-trees 
planted  in  1916  are  now  growing  north  of  the  northern  end  of  the  Kitchen 
Garden  and  on  the  plan  are  marked  Nos.  2,  7  and  8,  and  are  18,  17  and 
19  inches  high.  Five  Hemlock-trees,  now  about  4  feet  tall,  were  planted 
in  November,  1015,  along  th<^  Serpentine  Walk  to  take  the  places  of  original 
trees  which  had  disajjpeared;   they  are  Nos.  31-1,  31-2,  40-1,  40-2,  40-3. 

11 


RED  CEDARS— Nine  l^ed  Cedars  {Jimiperus  virgini'ana)  are  growing 
ill  tlir  area  tovt'riHi  by  the  f)lan.  Washington  certainly  knew  the  value 
of  this  conifrr.  for  it  is  one  of  the  conniiori  trees  in  the  Potomac  Valley, 
and  in  tiie  last  entry  inliis  Diary  relating  to  trees,  dated  March  8.  1796, 
he  says:  "On  Saturday  last  the  dead  C-edars  in  my  shrubberies  were 
replaced  by  live  ones  just  taken  up."  This  is  the  only  mention  of  the 
lied  Cedar  in  the  Diary.  Of  the  Cedars  now  at  Mount  Vernon,  No.  53, 
which  is  the  only  one  on  the  Serpentine  Walk,  may  have  been  planted 
by  Washington,  altiiough  it  is  only  45  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  4 
inches  in  diameter;  if  planted  by  him  it  might  well  have  been  a  much 
larger  tree.  The  otiier  Cedars  are  Nos.  3.  4,  5,  16,  17.  IS,  19  and  134. 
No.  3  is  36  feet  tail  with  a  trunk  12  inches  in  diameter;  No.  4  is  30  feet  tall 
with  a  trunk  13  inches  in  diameter;  No.  5  is  38  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  15 
inches  in  diameter;  No.  16  is  33  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  S  inches  in  diameter; 
No.  17  is  38  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  9  inches  in  diameter;  No.  18  is  47  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  14  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  19  is  44  feet  tall  with  a 
trunk  16  inches  in  diameter.  No.  134,  which  is  on  the  East  Lawn  near 
the  Deer  Park  fence,  is  40  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  11  inches  in  diameter. 
Judging  by  the  size  and  position  of  these  trees,  I  believe  that  they  sprang 
up  naturally  sometime  after  the  death  of  Washington. 

WHITE  PINES — Washington  makes  many  references  in  his  Diary  to 
the  planting  of  Pine-trees,  but  they  probably  all  refer  to  the  common 
Pine  of  the  Mount  Vernon  region  {Pinus  virginiana).  He  says  nothing 
of  the  White  Pine  (Pinus  Slrobus)  with  which  he  must  have  become 
familiar  during  his  journeys  to  the  west,  and  there  is  no  evidence  that 
he  ever  planted  this  tree.  There  are  now,  however,  three  young  White 
Pines  growing  at  Mount  Vernon,  Nos.  28,  81  and  112.  The  first  is  near 
the  Schoolroom  and  is  now  12  inches  tall.  No.  112  is  on  the  East  Lawn 
and  is  23  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  7  inches  in  diameter,  and  No.  81.  on  the 
west  border  of  the  Bowling  Green,  is  10  inches  tall. 

BOX — On  the  west  side  of  the  BowUng  Green  near  the  entrance  to 
the  Kitchen  Garden  are  three  handsome  and  healthy  Box-trees  (Biixus 
sempervirens) .  No.  66  stands  nearly  opposite  the  gate  of  the  Kitchen 
Garden;  it  is  21  feet  tall  and  well  furnished  with  gracefully  drooping 
branches.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  interesting  trees  at 
Mount  Vernon.  Nos.  77  and  80  are  17  and  22  feet  taU  and  are  healthy, 
handsome  trees.    These  three  trees  were  probably  planted  by  Washington. 

APPLES  AND  PEARS— In  the  Kitchen  Garden  are  now  standing 
one  Apple-tree  (No.  71)  45  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  2  inches  in  diameter, 
and  three  Pear-trees;  of  these  No.  10  is  39  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  5 
inches  in  diameter;  No.  72  is  40  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  7  inches  in 
diameter,  and  No.  73  is  35  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  1  foot  5  inches  in  diam- 
eter. These  three  Pear-trees  may  be  of  \\  ashington's  time,  but  the 
Apple-tree  was  probably  planted  later. 

12 


CHERRY — There  is  now  standing  on  the  East  Lawn  a  Cherry-tree 
{Primus  avium).  No.  137-1,  55  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  2  feet  3  inches  in 
diameter.  Judging  by  its  position,  this  may  have  sprung  from  a  seed 
from  one  of  Washington's  garden  Cherry-trees  dropped  by  a  bird. 

NETTLE  TREE— Near  the  Cherry-tree  a  Nettle-tree  (Cillis  occi- 
dentalis).  No.  134-1,  is  61  feet  tall  with  a  trunk  21  inches  in  diameter. 
This  tree  is  too  small  to  have  been  planted  by  \\  ashington. 

CEDAR  OF  LEBANON— A  Cedar  of  Lebanon  {Ceilms  palula).  No. 
123,  near  the  Summer  House,  was  planted  in  1874  and  is  now  59  feet 
tall  with  a  trunk  11  inches  in  diameter.  When  several  exotic  trees, 
known  only  since  Washington's  death,  were  removed  from  Mount  Vernon 
this  Cedar  was  left,  for  Washington,  although  he  apparently  never  planted 
one  of  these  trees,  might  have  done  so,  as  the  Cedar  of  Lebanon  was 
well  known  in  his  time. 

Measurements  of  the  Mount  Vernon  trees  have  been  made  by  Mr. 
H.  H.  Dodge,  the  Superintendent,  who  has  placed  their  exact  positions  on 
the  plan,  and  without  his  assistance  it  would  have  been  impossible  for 
me  to  have  prepared  this  report.  The  measurement  of  the  trunks  was 
taken  at  3  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  plan  has  been  pre- 
pared for  publication  in  the  office  of  Mr.  Guy  Lowell,  of  Boston,  to  whom 
the  Association  is  indebted  for  this  assistance. 


13 


LIST  OF  TREES   PLANTED  AT  MOUNT  VERNON  SINCE   1914 
AT  THE  SUGGESTION  OF  PROFESSOR  SARGENT 


1700  Dogwoods  (Cornus  Jlorida). 
117  Redbuds  {Cercis  canadensis). 
36  Yews  (Taxus  haccata). 
78  Hollies  {Ilex  opaca). 
IS  Fringe  trees  (Chionanlhus  virginica). 
12  Live  Oaks  (Quercus  virginiana). 
12  Laurel  Oaks  (Quercus  laurifolia)-. 
9  Hemlocks  (Tsuga  canadensis). 
6  Magnolias  (Magnolia  grand ijlora) . 

2  Swamp  Magnolias  {Magnolia  glauca). 

3  White  Pines  (Pinus  Sirobus). 
1  Linden  (Tilia  neglecta). 

10  Tupelos  {Nyssa  syl^alica). 
255  Red  Cedars  (Juniperus  virginiana). 
101  Native  Pines  (Pinus  virginiana). 
250  English  Hawthorns  (Crafsegus  oxyacantha) . 

These  Dogwoods  and  Redbuds  have  been  mostly  planted  to  increase 
the  beauty  of  the  woods,  where  they  grow  naturally.  The  Live  Oaks, 
Laurel  Oaks  and  Magnolias  are  now  planted  in  the  enclosure  south  of  the 
Flower  Garden.  The  Hollies  have  been  planted  to  make  a  hedge  along 
the  drive  between  the  Spinning  House  and  the  Boiler  Room,  and  the 
English  Hawthorns  in  a  hedge  next  to  the  fence  in  the  rear  of  the 
Quarters'  Building.  These  hedges  have  been  planted  because  Washington 
made  various  unsuccessful  attempts  to  establish  Holly  and  Hawthorn 
hedges  at  Mount  Vernon.  The  Linden  has  been  planted  at  the  northeast 
end  of  the  Mansion  to  match  the  Linden  (No.  115)  at  the  Library  end  of 
the  house.  Of  the  Red  Cedars,  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  were  planted 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Tomb,  one  hundred  and  thirteen  along  the 
nortlieast  boundary  of  the  estate,  and  fifteen  near  the  Boiler  Room.  The 
native  Pines  are  on  each  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Bowling  Green, 
where  Washington  planted  Pine-trees  in  what  he  spoke  of  as  "The  Wil- 
derness." 


14 


TREES    MENTIONED    BY    WASHINGTON    IN    HIS    DIARY,    AS 

PLANTED   BY   HIM    AT  MOUNT   VERNON, 

WHICH   HAVE   DISAPPEARED 


A«pen  (Populus  Iremuloides). 

Black  Haw  {Viburnum  prunifolium),  now  represented  at  Mount 
Vernon  by  young  plants. 

Balsam-tree  (Abies  balsamea). 

Black  Gum  {Nyssa  sylvatica),  now  represented  at  Mount  Vernon  by 
young  plants. 

Chestnut  {Caslanea  denlata). 

Crab-tree  (Malus  coronaria). 

Fringe-tree  (Chionanlhus  virginica),  now  represented  at  Mount 
Vernon  by  small  plants. 

Gloucester  Hickory  Nut  (Carya  laciniosa). 

Live  Oak  (Quercus  virginiana),  now  represented  at  Mount  Vernon 
by  young  plants. 

Mahogany-tree  (Swietenia  mahagoni). 

Mediterranean  Pine  (Pinus  Pinea). 

Native  Pine  (Pinus  virginiana),  now  represented  at  Mount  Vernon 
by  young  plants. 

Palmetto-tree  (Sabal  Palmello). 

Pawpaw  (Asimina  triloba). 

Pistachia  Nut  (Pislachia  vera). 

Pride  of  China  (Melia  Azcdarach). 

Small-berried  Thorn  (Crataegus  phaenopy rum). 

Spanish  Chestnut  (Castanea  saliva). 

Shellbark  Hickory  (Carya  ovala). 

Spruce  Pine  (Picea  mariana). 

Swamp  Magnolia  (Magnolia  glauca).  now  represented  at  Mount 
Vernon  by  small  plants. 

Water  Oak  (Quercus  nigra). 

Weeping  Willow  (Salix  babylonica),  now  represented  at  Moin)t 
Vernon  by  trees  along  the  river  bank. 

Yellow  Willow  (?). 

Yew  (Tuj-us  buccalu),  now  represented  at  Mount  Vernon  by  young 
plants. 


L") 


27i): 


THE  TREES  SHOWN  ON  THE  PLAN 


Niimhcrs  in  Imny  fiici'  type  iiulicalc  trees  probably  y)lanted  during 
N\  nsliiuu'ton's  lifetime.  Numbers  in  itiilics  indicate  trees  possibly  planted 
diirinj,'  \\  asiiinfiton's  lifetime.  Other  numbers  iiidieate  trees  planted 
since  W  asliinj^ton's  death. 

Apple — No.  71. 

Ash— \os.  2Ck  29,  38,  43,  47,  50,  58,  67,  87,  94,  9G.  102,  110. 
IJeeeh— Nos.  90,  99. 
Black  Walnut— Nos.  114,  135. 
Box— Nos.  66,  77,  80. 
Biiekeye— Nos.  24,  28,  32,  59,  79,  85,  92. 
Butternut— No.  100. 
Cedar  of  Lebanon— No.  123. 
Chestnut.  Oak— No.  124-1. 
(^.herry — No.  137-1. 

Collee  Bean— Nos.  70,  76,  84.  88.  89,  120. 
Dogwood— Nos.  22,  23. 

American  Elm— Nos.  1,  S-1,  30.  44,  56,  103,  iOG.  107,  109,  111.  132, 
134-1. 

European  Elm — No.  8-1. 

English  Walnut— Nos.  68,  93. 

Hemlock— Nos.  2,  7.  8,  31,  31-1,  31-2,  37-1,  40-1.  40-2,  40-3,  .52.  55,  83. 

Holly— Nos.  11,  13,  18-1,  27,  34,  40,  49,  60,  64,  86,  91,  127,  128. 

Honey  Locust — Nos  30.  'i5.  70.  101. 

Horse-chestnut— Nos.  //6,  116.  117. 

Linden— Nos.  25.  48,  50,  54,  111.  115. 

Magnolia — No.  97. 

ISlulberry- No.  20. 

Nettle-tree— No.  134-1. 

Pear— Nos.  10,  72. 

Pecan— Nos.  118,  120,  129. 

Redbud— Nos.  35,  52.  61.  121. 

Red  Cedar- Nos.  3.  4,  5.  16.  17.  18.  19,  5.?,  134. 

Red  Maple— No.  33. 

Red  Oak— Nos.  13.  14.  15.  122. 

Sassafras — Nos.  21.  137. 

Sorbus— No.  37. 

Sugar  Maple— No.  69. 

White  Oak— Nos.  6.  126,  130.  131,  13G,  137. 

White  Pine— Nos.  28,  81,  112. 

Yellow  Poplar  or  Tulip-tree — Nos.  57,  62,  65. 

Arnold  Arboreliun.  Mny,  1917. 

16 


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